TENSES

TENSES

Tenses are a grammar category that emphasizes the use of verbs (verb) that are associated with the time of their use. Here's a summary of 16 Tenses:

Time	Event
	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	Simple Present Tense	Present Continuous Tense	Present Perfect Tense	Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past	Simple Past Tense	Past Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Future	Simple Future Tense	Future Continuous  Tense	Future Perfect Tense	Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Future	Past Future Tense	Past Future Continuous Tense	Past Future Perfect   Tense	Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

    

PRESENT

1. Simple Present Tense

Used to indicate facts, habits, and general conditions that occur at this time.

Formula:

- Positive: Subject + am/are/is + Object 

- Negative : Subject + am/are/is + not + Object  

- Introgative: Am/are/is + Subject + Object?

Example:

(+) You are a dentist 

(-) You are not a dentist 

(? ) Are you a dentist? 

2. Present Continuous Tense

Used to discuss ongoing actions. The most important of these tense is the duration of the verb.

Formula:

Positif (+): subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb-ing + object

Negatif (-) : subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object

Tanya (?) : to be + subject + verb– ing + object

Example Present Continuous Tense :

(+) Mrs. Fira is studying in the school

(-) Mrs. Fira is not studying in the school

(?) Is Mrs. Fira studying in the school ?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Used to indicate an action or event has been completed and emphasize the results.

Formula:

Positif (+) : Subject + has/have + Verb3 + Complement 

Negatif (-) : Subject + has/have + not + Verb3 + Complement

Tanya (?) : Has/have + Subject + Verb3 + Complement?

Example :

(+) Tony has graduated from university.

(-) Tony hasn't graduated from university.

(?) Has Tony graduated from university?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Used to show actions that began in the past and continue to this day. Usually the action that uses this tense has a certain time duration and has relevance to the current condition.

Formula:

Positive (+) : Subject + has/have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative (-) : Subject + has/have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Introgative (?) : Has/have + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) She has been speaking for the last 2 hours.

(-) She has not been speaking for the last 2 hours.

(?) Has she been speaking for the last 2 hours?

PAST

1. Simple Past Tense

Used to show an event in the past.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + Verb2 + Complement

Negative : Subject + did not + Verb1 + Complement

Introgative : Did + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?

Example:

(+) She visited me yesterday

(-)  She did not visit me yesterday

(?) Did she visit me yesterday?

2. Past Continuous Tense

Used to show an event that is happening in the past. Usually, there are 2 events that occurred in the past, and those interrupted events that use this tense.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + was/were + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + was/were + Not + Verb-ing + Complement

Introgative : Was/were + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) I was studying Sains when she called.

(-) I was not studying Sains when she called.

(?) Was I studying Sains when she called?

3. Past Perfect Tense

Used to show events that occur before a certain time in the past, and more emphasis on the results of the duration of the event. It is usually used to indicate which events occur first among 2 events that occurred in the past.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + had + Verb3 + Complement

Negative : Subject + had + not + Verb3 + Complement

Intogeratif : Had + Subject + Verb3 + Complement?

Example:

(+) I had finished my work before I met up with my friend till two days ago.

(-) I had not finished my work before I met up with my friend till two days ago.

(?)  Had I finished my work before I met up with my friend till two days ago?

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Used to show actions that occurred in the past and have been completed at certain times in the past too. This tense emphasizes the duration of the event. This tense is also used in Reported Speech.

Formula:

Positive (+) : Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative (-) : Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Introgative (?) : Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) You had been listening to his speech for ten minutes before it ended.

(-) You had not been listening to his speech for ten minutes before it ended.

(?) Had you been listening to his speech for ten minutes before it ended?

FUTURE

1. Simple Future Tense

Used to indicate action or a situation in the future.

Formula:

Positive (+) : Subject + will/be going to + Verb1 + Complement

Negative (-) : Subject + will not / be not going to + Verb1 + Complement

Introgrative (?) : Will + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?

Example:

(+) I will go to America next year

(-) I will not go to America next year

(?) Will I go to America next year?

2. Future Continuous Tense

Used to indicate an action or situation that will occur at a certain time in the future.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + will / be going to+ be + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + will not / be not going to + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Intogeratif : Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) Budi will be playing football at four o’clock tomorrow afternoon

(-) Budi will not be playing football at four o’clock tomorrow afternoon

(?) Will Budi be playing football at four o’clock tomorrow afternoon

3. Future Perfect Tense

Used to show actions that will end in the future.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + will / be going to+ be + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + will not / be not going to + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Intogeratif : Am/are/is + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) The mechanic will have repaired my car tomorrow

(-) The mechanic won't have repaired my car tomorrow

(?) Will the mechanic have repaired my car tomorrow?

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Used to show actions that will continue to occur in the future. This tense emphasizes results.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + will + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + will + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Intogeratif : Will + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning

(-) My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning

(?) Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?

PAST FUTURE

1. Past Future Tense

Used to show actions that will be carried out in the past but failed (failed plan).

Formula:

Positive : Subject + would/should + Verb1 + Complement

Negative : Subject + would/should not + Verb1 + Complement

Introgative : Would/should + Subject + Verb1 + Complement?

Example:

(+) He would bring me a present.

(-) He wouldn't bring me a present.

(?) Would he bring me a present?

2. Past Future Continuous Tense

Used to show an action that will be carried out in the past and will last until a certain time in the past. This tension emphasizes the duration of the action.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + would/should not + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Intogeratif : Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) My brother would be finishing Thesis last week

(-) My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week

(?) Would your brother be finishing Thesis last week? 

3. Past Future Perfect Tense

Used to show an action that will have been done in the past but it was not done (a failed plan). This tense emphasizes results.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + would/should +  have + Verb3 + Complement

Negative : Subject + would/should not +  have + Verb3 + Complement

Intogeratif : Would/should + Subject + be + Verb3 + Complement?

Example:

(+)  I would have bought a new car if I had enough money.

(-)  I would not have bought a new car if I had enough money.

(?)  Would I have bought a new car if I had enough money?

4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Used to show actions that will have been and are still being carried out in the past, but they really did not happen. This tense emphasizes the duration and results.

Formula:

Positive : Subject + would/should +  have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Negative : Subject + would/should not +  have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Intogeratif : Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement?

Example:

(+) He would have been waiting for me for 2 hours yesterday but he had gone at 10.00 PM.

(-) He would not have been waiting for me for 2 hours yesterday but he had gone at 10.00 PM.

(?) Would he have been waiting for me for 2 hours yesterday?

SOURCE:

https://www.studiobelajar.com/tenses/

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-16-tenses-inggris

https://www.intraxenglish.com/tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

Nama : Humara Mahira

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